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Eleanor of Aquitaine History:
Aliénor of Aquitaine (1122 or 1124 – 1 April 1204) was one of the most powerful and wealthy women in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages, a member of the Ramnulfid dynasty (also known as the House of Poitiers, the ruling family of southwestern France). She became Duchess of Aquitaine as a child, ruling independently of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. She later became Queen of France (1137–1152) and Queen of England (1154–1189). She was a patron of writers such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn.
Aliénor's inheritance of Aquitaine made her the most prestigious bride in Europe. Three months after becoming Duchess, she married Louis VII of France, son of Louis VI of France, her protector. As Queen of France, her husband had gone on the Second Crusade. She later sought an annulment, but it was rejected by Pope Eugene III. However, after the birth of their second daughter Alix, Louis agreed to a divorce because they had not had a son after 15 years of marriage. They were formally annulled on March 11, 1152, with their daughters remaining legitimate and Louis retaining custody of them, while Aliénor's lands were restored to her.
Soon after the divorce was granted, Aliénor became engaged to Henry, Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, who became King of England in 1154. Henry was related to her, and was nine years her junior. Their wedding took place on 18 May 1152, about eight weeks after Aliénor's annulment, in a church in Poitiers, France. Over the next 13 years, she bore Henry eight children: five sons and three daughters. However, Henry and Aliénor later became estranged. Henry imprisoned her in 1173 for helping her son rebel against the king. She was not released until 6 July 1189, when the king died and their son, Richard I, became King of England.
When Richard I went on the Third Crusade, Aliénor remained in the Kingdom and acted as regent, but when the king returned he was arrested and imprisoned by her. John, her youngest son, succeeded him as King of England and she remained the ultimate regent.
She is considered the richest and most powerful woman of the entire Middle Ages until the 17th century. In addition, she lived the longest of all the queens of England, second only to Elizabeth. Previously, Emma of Normandy was also considered the queen with the longest life span.
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